Thyroid ultrasound

Thyroid ultrasound is a very useful tool that allows us to characterize these nodules and establish the risk of malignant cells in them. Ultrasound records the different characteristics of the lesion, such as the size, shape, edges, echogenicity (“darkness” of the nodule), the presence or absence of calcifications in its multiple varieties, among others. Some of these characteristics are considered “high risk” and together they allow us to adequately estimate the need or not to obtain a biopsy.
Ultrasound also allows us to observe important details around the lesions where there’s already a definite malignancy diagnosis and which are relevant to treatment. Some examples are the presence of affected lymph nodes, infiltration or proximity to neighboring or important structures, the anatomical situation of the lesion, among others.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)
Currently the procedure is carried out as follows:

• The patient is prepared by carrying out an adequate cleaning and antisepsis of his neck

• An initial ultrasound is performed to locate the lesion and plan the angle of entry

• Local anesthesia is given to decrease pain or discomfort during the procedure

• A fine needle is inserted directing the tip towards the lesion

• Cellular material is obtained by passing several times the needle into the nodule

• The material is extracted and prepared in slides with a special staining performed by the pathologist

• The pathologist analyzes the slides under a microscope and determines if there are enough cells to be able to make a diagnosis

• The puncture site is covered and the patient can return home with some recommendations

• A final diagnosis is issued 48 to 72 hours after the procedure.

The procedure is highly safe, in most cases it is performed with minimal discomfort and recovery is very fast.It is very important to note that performing a biopsy of a thyroid lesion does not under any circumstances cause or contribute to the spread of the tumor to other organs or structures.